• To ask for information and to ask about people
• To ask and to describe what people are doing
• To express mild doubt or surprise
• To use the verb faire
• To ask information questions with est-ce que and to form questions with inversion
• To pronounce the vowel /y/
• To be aware of French heritage in Senegal
NOTE Culturelle
EN BREF: Le Sénégal
Capitale: Dakar Population: 14 000 000 Langue officielle: français
A former French colony, Senegal became an independent republic in 1960. Its population is divided into about a dozen ethnic groups, each with its own language, the most important being wolof and pulaar.
Youssou N'Dour
Le tama
Youssou N’Dour
Youssou N’Dour is an internationally known musician from Senegal who combines traditional African music with pop, rock, and jazz. He sings in French and English, as well as in three
Senegalese dialects. His lyrics promote African unity and human dignity. In many of his songs, he also plays the tama, a traditional Senegalese drum covered with reptile skins.
L'Unesco
(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)
A.Les questions d’information
The questions below ask for specific information and are called INFORMATION QUESTIONS.
The INTERROGATIVE EXPRESSIONS in heavy print indicate what kind of information is requested.
—Où est-ce que tu habites? Where do you live? —J’habite à Nice. I live in Nice. —À quelle heure est-ce que vous dînez? At what time do you eat dinner? —Nous dînons à sept heures. We eat at seven.
→ In French, information questions may be formed according to the pattern:
→ Est-ce que becomes est-ce qu’ before a vowel sound.
Quand est-ce qu’Alice et Roger dînent?
→ In information questions, your voice rises on the interrogative expression and then falls until the last syllable.
Quand est-ce que tu travailles? À quelle heure est-ce que vous dînez?
Observation: In casual conversation, French speakers frequently form information questions by placing the interrogative expression at the end of the sentence. The voice rises on the interrogative expression.
Vous habitez où? Vous dînez à quelle heure?
VOCABULAIRE Expressions interrogatives
où where? Où est-ce que vous travaillez? quand? when? Quand est-ce que ton copain organise une boum? à quelle heure? at what time? À quelle heure est-ce que tu regardes la télé? comment? how? Comment est-ce que tu chantes? Bien ou mal? pourquoi? why? —Pourquoi est-ce que tu étudies le français? parce que because —Parce que je veux voyager en France.
→ Parce que becomes parce qu´ before a vowel sound.
Juliette invite Olivier parce qu’il danse bien
VOCABULAIREExpressions pour la conversation
How to express surprise or mild doubt:
Ah bon? Oh? Really? —Stéphanie organise une soirée.
—Ah bon? Quand?
B.Les expressions interrogatives avec qui
To ask about PEOPLE, French speakers use the following interrogative expressions:
qui? who(m)? Qui est-ce que tu invites au concert? à qui? to who(m)? À qui est-ce que tu téléphones? de qui? about who(m)? De qui est-ce que vous parlez? avec qui? with who(m)? Avec qui est-ce que Pierre étudie? pour qui? for who(m)? Pour qui est-ce que Laure organise la boum?
To ask who is doing something, French speakers use the construction:
qui + VERB … ?
Qui habite ici? Who lives here? Qui organise la boum? Who is organizing the party?
C. Qu’est-ce que?
Note the use of the interrogative expression qu’est-ce que (what) in the questions below.
Qu’est-ce que tu regardes? Je regarde un match de tennis.
Qu’est-ce qu’Alice mange? Elle mange une pizza.
To ask what people are doing, the French use the following construction:
qu’est-ce que + SUBJECT + VERB + …? Qu’est-ce que tu regardes?
Faire (to do, make) is an IRREGULAR verb. It is used in many French expressions.
Note the forms of faire in the present tense.
faire (to do, make)
je fais Je fais un sandwich.
tu fais Qu’est-ce que tu fais maintenant?
il/elle fait Qu’est-ce que ton copain fait samedi?
nous faisons Nous faisons une pizza.
vous faites Qu’est-ce que vous faites ici?
ils/elles font Qu’est-ce qu’elles font pour la boum?
VOCABULAIRE Expressions avec faire
faire un match to play a game (match Mes cousins font un match de tennis. faire une promenade to go for a walk Caroline fait une promenade avec Olivier. faire un voyage to take a trip Ma copine fait un voyage en France. faire attention to pay attention Je fais attention quand le prof parle.
D. L’interrogation avec inversion
LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE
In conversational French, questions are usually formed with est-ce que. However, when the subject of the sentence is a pronoun, French speakers often use inversion, that is, they invert or reverse the order of the subject pronoun and the verb.
INFORMATION INTERROGATIVE EXPRESSION + VERB / SUBJECT PRONOUN …? QUESTION Avec qui travaillez-vous demain?
→ In inversion, the verb and the subject pronoun are connected by a hyphen.
Observation In inversion, liaison is required before il/elle and ils/elles. If a verb in the singular ends on a vowel, the letter “t” is inserted after the verb so that liaison can occur:
Où travaille-t-il? Où travaille-t-elle?
Avec qui dîne-t-il? Avec qui dîne-t-elle?
Prononciation
La voyelle /y/
The vowel sound /y/ — represented by the letter “u” — does not exist in English. To say super, first say the French word si. Then round your lips as if to whistle and say si with rounded lips: /sy/. Now say si-per. Then round your lips as you say the first syllable: super!